Accurate diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) requires distinguishing it from disorders with overlapping symptoms. Here are key conditions to differentiate: 1. Secondary Parkinsonism Causes: Drug-induced (neuroleptics, reserpine, metoclopramide), toxins (CO,…
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. While levodopa initially alleviates symptoms, its efficacy diminishes over time, often causing severe side effects.…
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that not only affects motor functions but also leads to severe physical and psychological complications. Below are the key complications associated with the…
While the exact cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, research suggests that addressing known risk factors—such as genetic predisposition, environmental toxins, and aging-related conditions—can help reduce the likelihood of…
The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear, but research suggests it arises from a combination of aging, genetic susceptibility, and exposure to environmental toxins. 1. Aging PD primarily…
Parkinson's syndrome occurs in middle-aged and older adults due to degeneration of the substantia nigra and the nigrostriatal pathway. According to the American Parkinson's Disease Association (APDA), individuals who develop…
目前治疗帕金森病 （PD） 的药物分为以下几类： Anticholinergics: Trihexyphenidyl (Artane) Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Amantadine Levodopa-based Drugs: Madopar (Levodopa/Benserazide), Sinemet (Carbidopa/Levodopa), Xilaimei Dopamine Agonists: Pramipexole (Mirapex), Ropinirole (Requip), Cabergoline (Cripar), Bromocriptine MAO-B Inhibitors: Selegiline (Eldepryl),…
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia (slowed movement). Symptoms often start in one limb or side of the body and gradually spread. A hallmark…
Foreign body aspiration into the trachea or bronchi is a common accidental emergency in infants and young children. In recent years, cases of children accidentally inhaling foods like jelly, peanuts,…
I. Fever Management Principles Fever Classification: Low-grade: 37.5–38°C (99.5–100.4°F) Moderate: 38–39°C (100.4–102.2°F) High-grade: ≥39°C (102.2°F) Mild to moderate fever aids immune response against pathogens and supports development. When to Use…