Parkinson’s disease (PD) progressively impacts physical and mental health, leading to severe complications. Here’s a breakdown of critical risks and preventive strategies:
1. Injuries from Falls
Motor symptoms like tremors, rigidity, and poor coordination increase fall risks. Fractures and head injuries are common. Slippery surfaces (e.g., icy paths, wet floors) demand caution. Learn more about fall prevention.
2. Psychological and Cognitive Decline
Late-stage PD often causes depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and dementia. Mask-like facial expressions, speech difficulties, and drooling contribute to stigma and isolation. Explore PD mental health support.
3. Autonomic Dysfunction and Digestive Issues
- Swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) lead to malnutrition or aspiration pneumonia.
- Gastric issues: Delayed stomach emptying (55% of patients), bloating, and chronic constipation (50–67%).
- Urinary problems: Frequent urination, infections, and renal damage.
Read about autonomic dysfunction in PD.
4. Life-Threatening Infections
Immune weakness raises risks of pneumonia, sepsis, and bedsores. Aspiration pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are leading causes of death. PD infection risks.
5. Musculoskeletal Complications
Late-stage PD causes joint stiffness, contractures, and deformities. Early physical therapy and passive exercises are vital. Managing PD mobility issues.
Key Takeaways:
- Falls and fractures are preventable with environmental adjustments.
- Mental health support and infection control are critical for longevity.
- Regular physical therapy mitigates muscle rigidity and deformities.
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