Tuberculosis
- Rest & Nutrition:
- Bed rest is recommended during active disease phases. Provide a high-calorie, high-protein, vitamin-rich diet.
- Include lung-nourishing foods: pig lung, white fungus, tofu, mushrooms, pineapple, figs, and loquat.
- For hemoptysis (coughing up blood), consume hemostatic foods like purslane, lotus root, and water celery. Avoid spicy or irritating foods.
Lung Abscess
- Acute Phase Management:
- Rest to conserve energy. Gradually resume activity as symptoms improve to aid sputum expulsion.
- Maintain oral hygiene. Follow a non-greasy, nutrient-dense diet (e.g., buckwheat porridge, lotus root starch with lotus seed soup, mung bean soup).
Emphysema
- Lifestyle Adjustments:
- Quit smoking/alcohol. Improve indoor air quality. Prevent respiratory infections.
- Practice breathing exercises to alleviate early symptoms.
- Prioritize light, protein-rich meals (lean meat, liver, legumes) and fresh produce. Avoid greasy/spicy foods.
Pneumonia
- Supportive Care:
- Provide a high-protein, high-calorie, vitamin-rich diet with ample fluids.
- Monitor vital signs (temperature, pulse, breathing, blood pressure). Seek emergency care if pallor, cold limbs, sudden fever drop, or hypotension occurs.
Chest Tightness: Causes & Management
Chest tightness is a subjective sensation of dyspnea. Causes include:
- Cardiac-related: Exertional dyspnea, nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea (e.g., heart failure, myocardial ischemia).
- Pulmonary-related: Asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pulmonary fibrosis.
- Neurofunctional: Often linked to cardiovascular dysregulation, accompanied by sighing breathing, palpitations, dizziness, or anxiety.
Diagnostic Tip:
- Organic causes worsen with exertion and improve when sitting up. Functional cases persist at rest.
- Perform ECG to rule out cardiac issues.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Definition:
A life-threatening syndrome from acute lung injury, leading to severe hypoxia. Causes include drowning, pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ dysfunction, or trauma.
Symptoms:
- Progressive dyspnea, refractory hypoxemia.
Treatment:
- Address underlying causes.
- Mechanical ventilation, prone positioning, vasodilators.
- Corticosteroids remain controversial.
ARDS Etiology
- Direct Lung Injury:
- Pulmonary contusion, smoke/chemical inhalation, aspiration, near-drowning.
- Oxygen toxicity (prolonged high-concentration O₂ use).
- Indirect Injury:
- Severe burns, trauma with shock, fat embolism post-fracture.
- Post-surgical cases (e.g., cardiopulmonary bypass, major vascular surgery).
- Systemic Factors:
- Severe infections (e.g., pancreatitis, sepsis).
- Shock, DIC, massive transfusions, or fluid overload.
Heart Rate Note
A heart rate ≤100 bpm is normal. For persistent tachycardia, discontinue stimulants and evaluate via cardiac ultrasound, 24-hour Holter monitor, or troponin tests. Visit Shanwei Zhongshan Hospital for specialized care.
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